access Sustainable intensification of agriculture consists of agricultural systems with increased production per who’s gonna stop me nobody snake with guns shirt unit area but with management of the range of potentially adverse impacts on the environment .
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Sustainable intensification can increase the efficiency of inputs and enhance health and food security Ramankutty . Costs of nuclear power have increased over time in some developed nations, principally due to market conditions where increased investment risks of high-capital expenditure technologies have become significant. ‘Learning by doing’ processes often failed to compensate for this trend because they were slowed down by the absence of standardization and series effects . What the costs of nuclear power are and have been is debated in the literature Lovering , Koomey . Countries with liberalized markets that continue to develop who’s gonna stop me nobody snake with guns shirt nuclear employ de-risking instruments through long-term contracts with guaranteed sale prices . For instance, the United Kingdom works with public guarantees covering part of the upfront investment costs of newly planned nuclear capacity. This dynamic differs in countries such as China and South Korea, where monopolistic conditions in the electric system allow for reducing investment risks, deploying series effects and enhancing the engineering capacities of users due to stable relations between the security authorities and builders Schneider . The carbon intensity of bioenergy, key for both bioenergy as an emission-neutral energy option and BECCS as a CDR measure, is still a matter of debate and depends on management , direct and indirect land-use change emissions , the feedstock considered; and time frame , as well as the availability of coordinated policies and management to minimize negative side effects and trade-offs, particularly those around food security Stevanović , and livelihood and equity considerations System co-benefits can create the potential for mutually enforcing and demand-driven climate responses Jordan , Hallegatte and Mach, Pelling , and for rapid and transformational change. Examples of co-benefits include gender equality, agricultural productivity reduced indoor air pollution , flood buffering Colenbrander , livelihood support Shaw ,, economic growth social progress Steg , Hallegatte and Mach, and social justice Ziervogel , Patterson .
Climate variability and uncertainties in the underlying assumptions in ư as well as in model comparisons complicate discerning the implications for climate impacts, adaptation options and avoided adaptation investments at the global level of compared to . warming James , Mitchell . As the transitions associated with .-consistent pathways require accelerated and coordinated action, in multiple systems across all world regions, they are inherently exposed to risks of freeriding and moral hazards. A key governance challenge is how the convergence of voluntary domestic policies can be organized via aligned global, national and sub-national governance, based on reciprocity and partnership , and how different actors and processes in climate governance can reinforce each other to enable this Gupta, Andonova . The emergence of polycentric sources of climate action and transnational and subnational networks that link these efforts offer the opportunity to experiment and learn from different approaches, thereby accelerating approaches led by national governments Cole, Jordan . Whatever its potential long-term benefits, a transition to a . world may suffer from a lack of broad political and public support, if it exacerbates existing short-term economic and social tensions, including unemployment, poverty, inequality, financial tensions, competitiveness issues and the loss of economic value of carbon-intensive assets Mercure . The challenge is therefore how to strengthen climate policies without inducing economic collapse or hardship, and to make them contribute to reducing some of the ‘fault lines’ of the world economy . Since adaptation is still in early stages in many regions, there are questions about the capacity of vulnerable communities to cope with
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