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Rising to the challenge of a transition to a . world would require enhancing institutional climate change boxer boxervengers marvel avengers dogs lover shirt capacities along multiple dimensions presented below. The goal for strengthening implementation is to ensure that these

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uncertain but potentially positive outcome might be constrained by the higher energy costs of low-emission options in the energy and transportation sectors. The envelope of worldwide marginal abatement costs for .-consistent pathways reported in Chapter is , which is between three to four times higher than for a limit. Since the financial system has limited fungibility across budget lines, changing the partitioning of investments is not a zero-sum game. An effective policy regime could encourage investment boxer boxervengers marvel avengers dogs lover shirt managers to change their asset allocation. Part of the challenge may lie in increasing the pace of financing of low-emission assets to compensate for a possible decrease, by , in the value of fossil fuel assets Mercure . The mean incremental share of annual energy investments to stay well below is . between . of global GDP between and . Since total world investment also called gross fixed capital formation is about of global GDP, the estimated incremental energy investments between a baseline and a . transition would be approximately . between . . of projected total world investments. As the higher ends of these ranges reflect pessimistic assumptions in .-consistent pathways on technological change, the implementation of policies to accelerate technical change see the remainder of could lower the probability of higher incremental investment. GPT could also enable climate adaptation, in particular through more effective climate disaster risk management and improved weather forecasting. Goal setting can promote mitigation action when goals are not set too low or too high Loock . Commitment strategies where people make a pledge to engage in climate actions can encourage mitigation  particularly when individuals also indicate how and when they will perform the relevant action and anticipate how to cope with possible barriers ,, implementation intentions . Such strategies take advantage of individuals’ desire to be consistent .

Similarly, hypocrisy-related strategies that make people aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes and behaviour can encourage mitigation actions . In Singapore, Stockholm and London, car ownership, car use, and GHG emissions have reduced because of pricing and regulatory policies and policies facilitating behaviour change. Notably, acceptability of these policies has increased as people experienced their positive effects. Owned inefficient appliances and fossil fuel-based electricity can act as endowments, increasing their value compared to alternatives. Uncertainty and loss aversion lead consumers to undervalue future energy savings and savings from energy efficient technologies Kolstad . Uncertainties about the performance of products and illiquidity of investments can drive consumers to postpone energy-efficient investments Sutherland, van Soest and Bulte. People with a higher tendency to delay decisions may engage less in energy saving actions . Training energy auditors in loss-aversion increased their clients’ investments in energy efficiency improvements Gonzales . Engagement in energy saving and renewable energy programmes can be enhanced if participation is set as a default option  In Tanzania, increased variability of rainfall is challenging indigenous and local communities  . The majority of agro-pastoralists use indigenous knowledge to forecast seasonal rainfall, relying on observations of plant phenology, bird, animal, and insect behaviour, the sun and moon, and wind Chang’a , Elia , Shaffer. Increased climate variability has raised concerns about the reliability of these indicators ; therefore, initiatives have focused on the co-production of knowledge by involving local communities in monitoring and discussing the implications of indigenous knowledge and meteorological forecasts , and creating local forecasts by utilizing the two sources of knowledge Mahoo . This has resulted in increased documentation of indigenous knowledge, understanding of relevant climate information amongst stakeholders, and adaptive capacity at the community level Mahoo , Shaffer.

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